MOST IMPORTANT NOTE!!! Even if you turn off all 3 switches.those large silver bars in the top of the box, and the 2 large allen head screws in the top left side of the box CAN KILL YOU (if the main power at the pole is not cut)!!! Any added load will only be running through the 100 amp switch. The ac is running through the 30 which won't be effected by your addition. As far as overloading the system, that's what the circuit breakers are for. The screw may feel tight, but the wire may not be secure, check it! As long as it doesn't pull out with minimal force it'll be ok. Be sure to give your wires a little tug to make sure they are in the terminals securely, especially where two wires go into 1 terminal. If all you can find has black/red, it's ok. Seeing how your allready neutral ground, all you need to worry about is white, black/black, or white, black/red. Keep yourself color coordinated though, White should always be used as neutral, green or bare as ground, and red/black as L1 and L2. The jumper wire you find available may not be 2black/1white, it may be black/red/green/bare etc. Your new box will have large terminals for the input and then run your wiring from your appliances to your new box and hook them up. Run your jumpers from both 100 amp terminals to your new box, and run the neutral from box to box. Just by looking at what you have, it looks likes two of the fat wires should fit in the same terminal. Make sure you use the same gauge wire that is coming out of the 100 amp main. Where ever you mount the auxiliary panel, buy enough "jumper wire" to reach from box to box and leave enough extra to work with in both boxes. It is simple, turn the 100 amp main OFF!!! Make sure it is OFF by looking around the house for the dead lights and appliances. I won't have the 100 amp main, but you dont need it. You can get a 3 or 4 switch panel for around 50-60 bux. Notice the white wires and the ground wires attached to the same bar? This is good because two prong appliances can be used and are safely grounded through the neutral wire. What I can tell you is the box in your pic has neutral ground. I agree with prandlesc, adding a separate panel is quite easy, but yes dangerous if you don't know what your doing.
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